Consist in vs. Consist of
How to use "consist in" and "consist of" correctlyThis is an entry on my list of Common Errors in English Usage. Visit the main page for direct links to additional entries.
In discussing abstract things, consist can be used to mean “lie or reside”; in such cases it is used with the preposition in:
happiness consists in loving and being loved
his weakness consisted in his overconfidence
When it is used to mean “to be made up of,” it is used with the preposition of:
the Olympic basketball team consisted of five guards, five forwards, and two centers
Note that the first use of consist is not particularly common, especially in informal speech and writing. The second meaning is far more common.
Related Resources
Common Errors in English Usage: Errors in diction and idiom commonly made by native speakers of English
List of Common Errors in English Usage (PDF): Printable version of the complete list
Common Grammar Errors: A list of common errors in grammar (topics like subject-verb agreement and parallelism) as distinct from usage
List of Common Errors in English Usage: PDF version
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