Consist in vs. Consist of

How to use "consist in" and "consist of" correctly

This is an entry on my list of Common Errors in English Usage. Visit the main page for direct links to additional entries.

In discussing abstract things, consist can be used to mean “lie or reside”; in such cases it is used with the preposition in:

happiness consists in loving and being loved

his weakness consisted in his overconfidence

When it is used to mean “to be made up of,” it is used with the preposition of:

the Olympic basketball team consisted of five guards, five forwards, and two centers

Note that the first use of consist is not particularly common, especially in informal speech and writing. The second meaning is far more common.

Related Resources

Common Errors in English Usage: Errors in diction and idiom commonly made by native speakers of English

List of Common Errors in English Usage (PDF): Printable version of the complete list

Common Grammar Errors: A list of common errors in grammar (topics like subject-verb agreement and parallelism) as distinct from usage

List of Common Errors in English Usage: PDF version

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